Toxicity of 4-Aminopyridine
Nov 5,2021
Use
4- Aminopyridine is commonly marketed as Avitrol to control the overpopulation of certain birds, including pigeons, red-winged blackbirds, blackbirds, cowbirds, grackles, sparrows, starlings, gulls, and crows. However, its use for controlling birds has been criticized by the Humane Society of the United States. 4- Aminopyridine has received much attention because of its application as a pharmacological drug in neurological diseases, and as an experimental K+ channel blocker, Ca2+ channel activator, and apoptosis inducer.Mechanism of Toxicity
4- Aminopyridine produces toxicity through multiple mechanisms. At toxic
doses, 4- Aminopyridine blocks voltage-sensitive K+ ion channels and
increases acetylcholine levels at the synapses and neuromuscular
junctions. This results in hyperactivity, convulsions, and seizures. 4- Aminopyridine also causes excess methemoglobin formation,and methemoglobin is unable to carry oxygen to the tissues,
thereby causing respiratory distress. Death occurs due to cardiac
and respiratory arrest. Because 4-AP blocks voltage-sensitive K+
channels in neurons, it has the capacity to enhance action
potential conduction in demyelinated tissue with therapeutically
beneficial results.
Environmental Fate
4- Aminopyridine is adsorbed to soil particles and is moderately persistent in the environment. It has been reported to be slowly metabolized by soil microorganisms. The rate of disappearance varies with the organic content of soils, and the disappearance halftime has been reported to range from 3 to 32 months. Movement from upper soil layers is thought to be minimal due to strong soil adsorption, and the compound is not expected to represent a significant threat to groundwater.- Related articles
- Related Qustion
- 4-Aminopyridine Applications and Interactions Jan 9, 20244-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a K+ channel blocker used clinically as symptomatic treatment for demyelinating disorders such as spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis.
4-Aminopyridine
504-24-5- 4-Aminopyridine
- $5.00 / 25kg
- 2025-04-03
- CAS:504-24-5
- Min. Order: 1kg
- Purity: ≥99%
- Supply Ability: 50mt/year
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- 2024-09-06
- CAS:504-24-5
- Min. Order: 1kg
- Purity: 0.99
- Supply Ability: 10 tons
- 4-Aminopyridine
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- 2024-09-06
- CAS:504-24-5
- Min. Order: 1KG
- Purity: 99%
- Supply Ability: 500000kg